Lesson: 11 Catching Different Exception Types

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try {
    Account ac = [SELECT Name FROM Account LIMIT 1];
    String Site2 = ac.Site;
} catch(Exception e) {
    System.debug('The following exception has occurred: ' + e.getMessage());    
}

You can have several catch blocks—a catch block for each exception type, and a final catch block that catches the generic Exception type.

try {
    Account m = [SELECT Name FROM Account LIMIT 1];
    String Site2 = m.Site;
} catch(DmlException e) {
    System.debug('DmlException caught: ' + e.getMessage());    
} catch(SObjectException e) {
    System.debug('SObjectException caught: ' + e.getMessage());    
} catch(Exception e) {
    System.debug('Exception caught: ' + e.getMessage());    
}

DEBUG|SObjectException caught: SObject row was retrieved via SOQL without querying the requested field: Account.Site

Remember that only one catch block gets executed and the remaining ones are bypassed.

More Examples:

Causes a NullPointerException

try {
    String s;
    Boolean b = s.contains('abc');
} catch(DmlException e) {
    System.debug('DmlException caught: ' + e.getMessage());    
} catch(SObjectException e) {
    System.debug('SObjectException caught: ' + e.getMessage());    
} catch(Exception e) {
    System.debug('Exception caught: ' + e.getMessage());    
}

DEBUG|Exception caught: Attempt to de-reference a null object

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Lesson: 11 Catching Different Exception Types

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Lightning Web Components