Governor limits in Salesforce are predefined limits that are set to ensure that the Apex code and Visualforce pages are executed in a secure and efficient manner. Here are 10 examples of governor limits in Salesforce and sample code to illustrate how they work:

1. Maximum CPU time limit: This limit ensures that a single Apex transaction does not consume too much CPU time.

// Example code that exceeds the maximum CPU time limit
List<Account> accounts = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account];
for (Account acc : accounts) {
    for (Contact con : acc.Contacts) {
        // Perform some complex operation
    }
}

2. Maximum heap size limit: This limit ensures that the amount of memory used by Apex code does not exceed a certain limit.

// Example code that exceeds the maximum heap size limit
List<Account> accounts = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account];
Map<Id, Contact> contactsMap = new Map<Id, Contact>();
for (Account acc : accounts) {
    for (Contact con : acc.Contacts) {
        contactsMap.put(con.Id, con);
    }
}

3. Maximum number of SOQL queries limit: This limit ensures that a single Apex transaction does not execute too many SOQL queries.

// Example code that exceeds the maximum number of SOQL queries limit
List<Account> accounts = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account];
for (Account acc : accounts) {
    List<Contact> contacts = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Contact WHERE AccountId = :acc.Id];
    // Perform some operation on the contacts
}

4. Maximum number of DML statements limit: This limit ensures that a single Apex transaction does not execute too many DML statements.

// Example code that exceeds the maximum number of DML statements limit
List<Account> accounts = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account];
for (Account acc : accounts) {
    acc.Name = 'New Name';
    update acc;
}

5. Maximum number of callouts limit: This limit ensures that a single Apex transaction does not execute too many external callouts.

// Example code that exceeds the maximum number of callouts limit
HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();
req.setEndpoint('https://example.com');
req.setMethod('GET');
Http http = new Http();
for (Integer i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
    http.send(req);
}

6. Maximum number of future calls limit: This limit ensures that a single Apex transaction does not execute too many future calls.

// Example code that exceeds the maximum number of future calls limit
for (Integer i = 0; i < 101; i++) {
    Test.callout(i);
}
@future(callout=true)
public static void callout(Integer i) {
    // Perform some callout operation
}

7. Maximum number of batch jobs limit: This limit ensures that a single Apex transaction does not execute too many batch jobs.

// Example code that exceeds the maximum number of batch jobs limit
Database.executeBatch(new MyBatchJob());
Database.executeBatch(new MyBatchJob());
Database.executeBatch(new MyBatchJob());

8. Maximum number of scheduled Apex jobs limit: This limit ensures that a single Apex transaction does not schedule too many Apex jobs.

// Example code that exceeds the maximum number of scheduled Apex jobs limit
for (Integer i = 0; i < 101; i++) {
    String jobId = System.schedule('Job' + i, '0 0 * * * ?', new MyScheduledJob());
}

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